MZO-002 Solved Assignment 2026

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MZO-002 Solved Assignment 2026 Available

Assignment : MZO-002/TMA/2026

Attempt all questions. The marks for each question are indicated against it.

1.(a) Explain Mendel’s Law of Segregation and Independent Assortment with examples, accounting for 3:1 and 9:3:3:1 F₂ ratios in monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.

(b) Describe the phenomenon of duplicate genes with cumulative effect with suitable examples. How does this type of gene interaction modify the expected Mendelian ratio, and what phenotypic ratio is observed in the F₂ generation of such crosses?

2.(a) Briefly describe different gene types in eukaryotes with examples, highlighting the functional significance.

(b) Explain human gene mapping by linkage analysis in pedigrees using nail-patella syndrome and ABO blood group example, including recombination frequency calculation.

3. Compare spontaneous vs. induced mutations, explaining DNA replication errors, tautomeric shifts, depurination, UV-induced thymine dimers, and 5BU hase analog effects

4. Explain positive and negative control mechanisms in prokaryotic gene expression, distinguishing inducible/repressible systems with diagrams of activator/repressor binding to RPBS and effector molecule effects.

5. Describe eukaryotic gene structure and evolutionary role of introns in exon shuffling.

6. Describe general/specific transcription factors, their roles in eukaryotic transcription initiation, DNA-binding motifs and cis-regulatory elements.

7. Explain Drosophila sex determination by Genic Balance Theory (X/A ratio), Calvin Bridges’ experiments, and molecular pathway involving sxl, tra, tra-2, and dsx genes.

8. Explain artificial selection using narrow-sense heritability, selection differential/response to selection, QTL mapping, and heritability estimates for human intelligence/personality traits.

9.(a) Compare direct, indirect, sandwich, and competitive ELISA techniques, their principles, advantages, and applications.

(b) Describe steps in cloning eukaryotic insulin genes in prokaryotes for recombinant human insulin production using synthetic A/B chains and fusion proteins.

10. Compare non-viral vs. viral vectors in gene therapy, their advantages/disadvantages, and applications in treating cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, cancer, and dermatological disorders.